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Irvingia
Irvingia (Irvingia grandifolia)

Family: Simaroubaceae

Common names: Akpulu, Alendongwe, Andongwe, Apepere, Arhuekhue, Irvingia, Molinda, Oenda, Ogbo-ako, Olene, Zembila

Distributed in: Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Nigeria, Zaire (Africa)

Distribution overview: The species occurs in the dense rain forests in Congo and Burundi, and is usually found near creeks, occasionally in semi-dry forests.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Boat building, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Canoes, Construction, Domestic flooring, Excelsior, Factory construction, Flooring, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders , Lifeboats, Mathematical instruments, Millwork, Mine timbers, Parquet flooring, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Truck bodies, Turnery, Utility poles, Vehicle parts

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Bole length is 0-10 m

Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow/Brown .The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterHigh

Natural durability: Susceptible to longhorn beetle attack , Susceptible to marine borer attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Drying Defects: Volumetric shrinkage is pronounced, but rather even. Logs should be converted soon after felling and seasoned under carefully controlled conditions

Ease of Drying: Fairly difficult to penetrate with preservatives

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is moderate The wood exerts medium blunting effect on cutting tools, mainly because of resin deposits in the cells.

Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy

Nailing: Tends to split during nailing, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Difficult to plane The wood is very difficult to plane because of the dulling effect of resin cells on cutting edges.

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is resistant

Response to hand tools: Easy to machine

Screwing: Poor screwing properties Large dimension lumber holds screws well ;

Polishing: Satisfactory;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 1134 1685 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 490 745 kg/cm2
Hardness 1192 kg
Impact Strength 45 cm
Shearing Strength 204 kg/cm2
Stiffness 146 168 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 16139 23968 psi
Hardness 2628 lbs
Impact Strength 18 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 6970 10599 psi
Shearing Strength 2912 psi
Stiffness 2082 2397 1000 psi
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %

Max. crushing strength = high
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Hardness (side grain) = very hard
Hardness (side grain) = hard

Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchFouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. BelguimFouarge, J.,1950,Appropriation de Bois Congolais aux Besoins de la Metropole,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.38Fouarge, J.,1953,Bois du Congo,I.N.E.A.C.Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished dataKeay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanLebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Pieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent BelguimSaint-Aubin, G. de,1963,La Foret du Gabon,CTFT Publ., No.21Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7
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