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Copaia
Copaia (Jacaranda copaia)

Family: Bignoniaceae

Common names: Abey, Aku, Alieskieie, Alieskieie wewe, Amchi ponga, Amuscu, Arabisco, Arbol de roseto, Barbatimao, Bois a pian, Bois a plain, Bois pian, Caballitos, Caco, Cambaota pequena, Cambote, Carabinho do matto, Carabinho guassu, Carabuco, Carauba, Carnauba da Malta, Carnauba de matta, Caroba, Caroba do campo, Caroba do carrasco, Caroba do mato, Caroba do matto, Caroba manaca, Caroba miuda, Caroba preta, Caroba roxa, Carobeira, Carobinho, Carobinho do campo, Carobossu, Casco de cavalho, Cedro blanco, Chingale, Cobaja, Conhecida ainda por, Copaia, Copaia des chantiers, Copay, Copaya, Coroba, Coupaia des chanters, Coupaia des chantiers, Cupay, Diamilikie, Fau, Faux, Faux simarouba, Fettejie, Foete-ie, Footee, Footie, Fotui, Fute, Futi, Futui, Gallina, Gallinazo, Gallino, Gobaia, Gobaja, Goebaja, Goebaya, Gualandai, Gualanday, Guarupa, Jacaranda, Jacaranda caroba, Jacaranda da serra, Jacaranda mimosa, Jacaranda preto, Jaivie, Jassie, Jassie noedol, Jassie-hoehoe, Jawie, Jessie-noedol, Joivie, Kabana, Kandrahoedoe, Koepaia, Koepaja, Kopaia, Koroballi, Kuiship, Majaariran, Mampa falsa, Mari-mari, Marupa falsa, Marupa falso, Marupauba, N'gobaya, Nazare, Njamoesere, Noedal, Nogal blanco, Onguent-pian, Palo de buba, Para-pasa, Parapara, Parapara guassu, Par￿ar￿Pasa, Pavito, Phootee, Phootie, Saca candela, Samarapa, Samarupa, Sand trysil, Simarouba falsa, Simaruba copaia, Tambor, Tjoekoenda, Totui, What o'clock, Yachibon, Yachimanbo, Yaefi

Distributed in: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America)

Distribution overview: From Belize southward to Brazil. A component of the upland forests of the Amazon region and also common in the mixed hardwood forests of Guyana. Regenerates abundantly on old clearings.

Common uses: Balusters, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Ceiling, Chairs, Chests, Coffins, Concrete formwork, Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Drawer sides, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Matchboxes, Matches, Millwork, Office furniture, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plain veneer, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Stairrails, Stairworks, Stools, Stringers, Structural plywood, Toothpicks, Utility plywood, Veneer

Product sources: The ITTO reports that the species is a very important source of timber. The timber is exported regularly from Brazil to China and Japan.

Environment profile: Widespread

Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m Sometimes develop swollen bases. Trunks are usually cylindrical and somewhat straight and clear

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Very low natural resistance to decay and attack by termites , Vulnerable to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: Drying (speed) is fast

Drying Defects: Slight spring/bow, Slight surface checking

Ease of Drying: Fairly Easy

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: Copaia wood is reported to compare favorably to White pine in cleavage properties. It is harder than White pine, but is inferior in tension perpendicular to grain, modulus of rupture, impact strength or shock resistance, and shearing strengthGeneral finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Little dulling effect

Boring: Woolly surfaces common in both green and dry material

Carving: Good carving properties

Cutting Resistance: Tendency to splinter

Gluing: Good properties

Mortising: Requires very sharp cutting edges

Moulding: Requires very sharp cutting edges

Movement in Service: Requires very sharp cutting edges

Nailing: Holds nails well, Nails hold poorly

Planing: Planes to a poor finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is permeable Penetration and retention of preservatives are adequate in the heartwood

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Good sanding qualities

Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Suitable for slicing

Screwing: Easy to screw ; Turning: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,27 0,32
Density 416 kg/m3
Bending Strength 375 617 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 12 23 kg/cm2
Hardness 161 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 58 kg/cm2
Stiffness 80 100 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 400 368 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,21 0,35 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 61 cm-kg
Static Bending 168 364 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 5340 8786 psi
Crushing Strength 177 338 psi
Density 26 lbs/ft3
Hardness 355 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 2423 4530 psi
Shearing Strength 827 psi
Static Bending 2391 5184 psi
Stiffness 1148 1423 1000 psi
Toughness 53 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 3 5 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.27 0.32
Weight 25 23 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 12 %

Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Hardness (side grain) = very soft 0
Bending strength (MOR) = low 0
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate 0
Max. crushing strength = low 0
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Volumetric = small
Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Volumetric = large
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Bending strength (MOR) = very low

Almeida, D.G. de, Costa, J.R. da,1956,Madeiras do Brasil. (Timbers of Brazil.,Min. Ag. Servico de Economia Rural, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,pp56Bena, P.,1960,Essences Forestieres de Guyane,Bureau Agricole et Forestier Guyanais GuyanaBerni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBrazil -, I.B.D.F.,1980,Woods from Tucurui - characteristics and application,The Ag. Ministry Brazilian Institute for Forest DevelopmentChichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFalla Ramirez, A.,1971,Resultados de Estudios Fisico-Mechanicos de Algunas Maderas de la Serrania,de San Lucas. (Some timbers of the San Lucas mountain range.,Plegable Divulgativo, Div. Forestal, Inderena Colombia,pp6Falla Ramirez, A.,1971,Resultados de los estudios Fisico-Mecanicos de 41 especies Maderables de,la,region Carare-Opon. (Results of studies of the physical and mechanical,properties of 41 timber species of the Carare-Opon region.,Inst. de Desarrollo de los Recursos Naturales Renovables. Div. For.,Pleagble Divulgativo, Inderena Colombia,pp6Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1Haygreen, J.G., French, D.W.,1971,Some Characteristics of Particleboards form 4 Tropical Hardwoods of,Central America,Forest Products Journal,21(2,pp30-33Hoheisel, H., Karstedt, P.,1967,Identification of Ecuadorian Wood Sp. for possibilities of Utilization on,the basis of Technological Results,Institito Forestal Latino-Americana Merida VenezualaHoheisel, H.,1968,Identification of some Colombian wood Sp. and their possible use on the,basis of physical and mechanical properties,Latin American Forest Research and Training Institute, Merida VenezualaI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingITTO.New Marketable Species Technical Notes.Prepared by Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-marne Cedex, France.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryLoureiro, A.A., Freitas da Silva, M.,1968,Catalogo das Madeiras da Amazonia (2 vols,Min. do Ultramar Belem BrasilPolak, A.M.,1992,Major Timber Trees of Guyana A Field Guide,The Tropenbos Foundation Wageningen, The NetherlandsRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1940,American Woods of the Family Bignoniaceae,Tropical Woods,8(63,pp 9-38Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressSallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Surinam Forest Service,1952,Surinam Timber - A Summary with brief descriptions of the main timber,species of Surinam,Surinam Forest ServiceTad,1925,Jacaranda copaia in British Guiana,Tropical Woods,1(3,pp6-8Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Teixeira, D. E., M. A. E. Santana and M. Rabelo de Souza.1988. Amazonian Timbers for the International Market.ITTO Technical Series 1.Brazilian Institute for Forestry Development, Brazil.Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Villamil, F.G.,1971,Maderas Colombianas,Proexpo ColombiaVink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed.Wangaard, F.F., W.L. Stern, and S.L. Goodrich. 1955. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume V, No. 103. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
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