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Grey alder
Grey alder (Alnus nepalensis)

Family: Betulaceae

Common names: Alder, Boshi swa, Grey alder, Indian alder, Koe, Kohi, Kowal, Kunch, Kunis, Kuntz, Nepal alder, Newn, Ni, Piak, Pusala, Puzala, Udish, Utis, westa

Distributed in: Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Native to southeast Asia (Burmese hills, Himalayas, Subtropical China, Indochina). Introduced to Java, India, Hawaii, and the Philippines. It occurs in the Yunnan Province in China. It is also found in Nepal and Vietnam. In its native habitat it ranges from 300￿3,000 m, in Hawaii from 300￿1,800 m, growing well in areas with more than 500 mm annual precipitation.

Common uses: Blinds, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Construction, Decorative plywood, General carpentry, Matches, Packing cases, Planks, Plywood, Shutters, Sills, Turnery, Windows

Environment profile: Abundant/Secure His species is secure within its natural habitat in most areas in its range, including the Yunnan Province in China, Nepal, and Vietnam. Its status in the wild is currently listed as unknown because of insufficient information in Indochina, the Xizang Zizhigu Au Province in China, Bhutan, Myanmar

Tree size: The deciduous tree is described as large

Colors: the heart isPink, Redand the sapwoodBrown, Color not distinct from heartwood.The grain isStraight, the textureUniform

Natural durability: Heartwood resistant to decay, Perishable

Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement Reported to season well without warping



  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,25 0,26
Density 368 kg/m3
Bending Strength 355 509 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 19 23 kg/cm2
Hardness 171 kg
Impact Strength 38 35 cm
Shearing Strength 52 kg/cm2
Stiffness 63 80 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Weight 657 368 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,28 0,35 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending 205 299 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 5057 7242 psi
Crushing Strength 274 333 psi
Density 23 lbs/ft3
Hardness 377 lbs
Impact Strength 15 14 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 2421 4900 psi
Shearing Strength 752 psi
Static Bending 2920 4253 psi
Stiffness 900 1152 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 4 5 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.25 0.26
Weight 41 23 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 9 %

Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Limaye, V.D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods.Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 4, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Reyes, L.J. 1938. Philippine Woods. Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Technical Bulletin 7, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Bureau of Printing, Manila.Sekhar, A.C., B.R. Sen and S.S. Bhatnagar. 1956. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods Tested at the Forest Research Institute, Report VII. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 8, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Troup, R.S. 1909. Indian Woods and Their Uses. The Indian Forest Memoirs, Economic Products Series, Volume 1, No. 1. Superintendent, Government Printing, Calcutta, India.WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
*Come interpretare i dati (manleva su eventuali imprecisioni)