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African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis)
Family: Meliaceae Common names: Abudu ono, Acajou cail cedrat, Acajou du Senegal, African mahogany, Agwanwo, Akuk, Alor, Bandora, Bandoro, Bele, Benin mahogany, Bisselon, Bissilongo, Bisslongo, Bitehi, Bogu, Cail cedrat, Cailcedrat, Delehi, Diala iri, Diala-iri, Dry zone mahogany, Eri, Eri Kiree, Frimu, Gadeau, Guinea mahogany, Ha, Haemu, Homraya, Jalio, Kagam, Kahi, Kaye, Khaya, Khaya mahogany, Khaya wood, Kheiri, Kierr, Kirai, Kiree, Koka, Koko, Korobaa, Kuga, Kuka, Kuntunkuri, Logo, Loko, Madachi, Madwachi, Mario, Murraya, Oganwo, Ogwango, Okpe, Ono, Senegal mahogany, Senga mahogany, Tido, Tiro, Tit Distributed in: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Uganda (Africa) Distribution overview: Native distribution in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo, Uganda. Also now found in Australia, Cuba, India, Indonesia, Puerto Rico, Singapore, South Africa and Vietnam. Khaya senegalensis occurs in riverine forests and is scattered within the higher-rainfall savannah woodlands. In moister areas, K. senegalensis is found on uplands, but it is restricted to riparian habitats or stream bottoms that extend into the savannah in the drier portions of the range. During the 1st year, the seedling develops a strong, deep taproot, which makes it the most drought hardy of all the Khaya species. It is also very resistant to flooding and can be considered for planting on swampy soils. Moderately shade tolerant. Except where selectively removed by logging, dry-zone mahogany remains a dominant species in most of its range.Successful plantations of dry-zone mahogany in other parts of the world have generally been in areas with short dry seasons and high rainfall. Common uses: Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Charcoal, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Fixtures, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Musical instruments: percussion, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Stools, Sub-flooring, Tables , Tables, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative Product sources: Timber produced by this species is often mixed and marketed with those from other African mahogany species. Supplies are are plentiful in lumber form, and the material is available in a wide variety of sizes at moderate prices. African mahogany is also readily available in plywood form from many lumber suppliers. Environment profile: Vulnerable Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Turn reddish brown upon exposureand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureUniformand the lusterLustrous
Natural durability: Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles, Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Odor: Tasteless LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting Ease of Drying: Seasons rapidly with little degrade Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is not buttressed Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Mineral DepositsThe timber is described as a heavier African mahogany, and has more similarities to Khaya grandifoliola than to K. ivorensis or K. anthotheca . Some timber from K. senegalensis is of excellent quality and is especially suitable for applications where mahogany of firm texture and a natural dark reddish-brown color is required.The wood is reported to often contain crystal deposits. Blunting Effect: Moderate Boring: Responds well to very sharp boring tools Carving: Responds well to carving if tools are kept very sharp Cutting Resistance: Sharp tools are recommended since the wood is sometimes woolly Gluing: Very Good to Excellent Results Mortising: good Moulding: Requires very sharp cutting edges Movement in Service: Requires very sharp cutting edges Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Good nailing properties Planing: Fairly easy to work Resistance to Impregnation: Softwood is fairly resistant Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities Routing recessing: Routing is easy Sanding: Easy to sand
Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Good screwing properties; Turning: Good results
Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Takes varnish well ;
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Hardness (side grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Bending strength (MOR) = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Density (dry weight) = 53 - 60 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Hardness (side grain) = very hard Hardness (side grain) = hard Bending strength (MOR) = low Babajide, Lucas E., Shegun, Ajayi D.,1966,Stiffness and specific gravity related to other mechanical properties for,seven tropical timbers.,Nigeria Federal Department Forest Research, Ibadan, Report No.10Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Eggeling, W.J., Harris, C.M.,1939,Fifteen Uganda Timbers,Forest Trees and Timbers of the British Empire, Imperial Forestry,Institute, Oxford,Part 4Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFerreirinha, M.P.,1959,Maderas do Ultramar Portugues,Garcia de Orta,7(2)Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFTFrance - C.T.F.T.,Resultats des Observations et des Essais Effectues au CTFT sur Khaya,senegalensis,C.T.F.T.,No.131France - Comite Nacional des Bois Coloniaux,1931,Etude Physique et Mecanique des Bois Coloniaux,Assoc. Colonies-Sciences & Comite National des Bios Coloniaux, Paris,,FranceGotz, E.,1983,Timber trees of the Gambia,Stiftung Walderhaltung in Afrika and Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Forst-,und HolzwirtschaftGreenway, P.J.,1947,Mahogany in East Africa 1 The Khayas,East African Agricultural Journal,13,pp8-14,[East African Agricultural,and Forestry Journal]HMSO, 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonJay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKeay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanKennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer LagosKline, M. 1981. Khaya spp. - African mahogany. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. Page 201-202.Nigeria Department of Forest Research,1967,The Properties of Some Savanna Timber Trees,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan Report, No.11Normand, D., Sallenave, P.,1958,Characteristiques et Proprietes des Acajous,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,59,pp43-52Rendle, B.J.,1956,Variation in the quality of African mahogany,Wood,21(9, pp349-54Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSpalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1957,Survey of Africa Woods 3,Tropical Woods 16(107) pp92-128Streets, R.J.,1962,Exotic Forest Trees in the British Commonwealth,Clarendon Press OxfordTimber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Unwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. LondonWCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13 |
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