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Bastard marula
Bastard marula (Kirkia acuminata)

Family: Simaroubaceae

Common names: Bastard marula, Mtumbwi, Mubvumira, Mulemba, Mulembalemba, Musanta, Mutsakatidze, Mutuva, Muzumbu, Muzumina, Muzunge, Mzumba, Sandkiaat, Umvumila, Vumaila, White syringa, Witsering

Distributed in: Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Africa)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Cooperages, Flooring, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wheel spokes, Wheels

Tree size: Tree height is 40-50 m

Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Susceptible to insect attack

Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed

Drying Defects: Moderate end spitting, Moderate surface checking

Ease of Drying: Variable results.

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is buttressed

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is severe

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Easy to glue

Nailing: Easy to nail

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant

Response to hand tools: Easy to machine

Turning: Good results

Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Fair to Good; Varnishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 576 kg/m3
Bending Strength 542 849 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 212 362 kg/cm2
Hardness 451 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 109 kg/cm2
Stiffness 83 97 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Weight 560 448 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7711 12078 psi
Density 36 lbs/ft3
Hardness 995 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 3027 5157 psi
Shearing Strength 1560 psi
Stiffness 1188 1383 1000 psi
Weight 35 28 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Tangential Shrinkage 5 %

Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Max. crushing strength = low
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchFanshawe, D.B.,1962,Fifty Common Trees of Northern Rhodesia,Natural Resources Board and Forestry Department, NdolaGoldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9Pardy, A.A.,1952,Notes on Indigenous Trees and Shrubs of S. Rhodesia - Kirkia acuminata,Ministry of Agriculture and Lands S. Rhodesia,Bulletin,No.1653Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Scott, M.H.,1950,Notes on the more Important African Timbers Imported into the Union with,Special Ref. to Port. E.A. Species,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No.19,pp18-62,[South,African Forestry Journal]Storrs, A.E.G.,1979,Know your Trees - Some of the Common Trees found in Zambia,Zambia Forestry Department, NdolaWhite, F.,1962,Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia,O.U.P. LondonZambia Forest Department,1979,Timbers of Zambia Khaya nyasica and Kirkia acuminata,Zambia Forest Department, Division of Forest Products Research Technical,Note
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