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Red alder (Alnus rubra)
Family: Betulaceae Common names: Alder, Oregon alder, Pacific coast alder, Red alder, Western alder, Western red alder Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America) Distribution overview: Red alder is confined to the Pacific Coast region from southeast Alaska to southern California.Although there is an isolated population growing along streams in northern Idaho, it ordinarily occurs no further inland than 100 miles (160 km) at elevations below 2,500 feet (762 m).Red alder is cultivated in Hawaii. Common uses: Bedroom suites, Bent Parts, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Candlesticks, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Charcoal, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Core Stock, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles: general, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Millwork, Office furniture, Pallets, Paneling , Paneling, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Stools, Tables , Toys, Turnery, Umbrella handles , Utility furniture, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wainscotting, Wardrobes Product sources: Sawn lumber is imported into the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Continent. Trees grown in the UK are harvested at the pole stage. The timber of A. glutinosa is very difficult to defferentiate from that of A. incana . Environment profile: Widespread Tree size: Tree height is 40-50 m
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureUniform
Natural durability: Suitable for marine applications, Susceptible to attack by fungi Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: T10 - D4 (4/4) T8 - D3 (8/4) US/T10 - D4 (4/4) T8 - D3 (8/4) US
Drying Defects: Discoloration, No surface checking Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Little Boring: Fair to good results Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing: Very Good to Excellent Results Mortising: Finishes well Moulding: Poor to Very Poor Movement in Service: Poor to Very Poor Nailing: Poor to Very Poor , Very Good to Excellent Planing: Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting: Good
Response to hand tools: Responds well to hand tools Routing recessing: Routing is easy Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy Steam bending: Very good
Screwing: Screwing yields good results, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Good results
Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Very Good to Excellent;
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = medium Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, WisconsinBrown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, LondonBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADACalifornia Department of Forestry.Comparative Physical & Mechanical Properties of Western & Eastern Hardwoods.Prepared by Forest Products Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California.n/d.Canadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.Harrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kaiser, J.Wood of the Month - Red Alder.Wood and Wood Products, July 1986. Page 56.Kline, M. 1987. Alnus rubra - Red alder. In A Guide to Useful Wood of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 34-35.Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California.Little, E.L.1980.The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Mullins, E.J. and McKnight, T.S.,1981,Canadian Woods Their Properties and Uses,University of Toronto Press 3rd EditionNiemiec, S.S., G.A. Ahrens, S. Willits, and D.E. Hibbs. March, 1995. Hardwoods of the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State University, College of Forestry,Research Contribution 8, Forest Research Laboratory, Department of Forest Products, Corvallis, Oregon.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPlank, M.E.,1971,American Woods - Red Alder,USDA Forest Service American woods FS-215Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRijsdijk, L.F. and Laming, P.B.,1994,Physical and Related Properties of 145 Timbers, Information for,Practice,TNO Building and Construction Research Centre for Timber Research Kluwer,Academic PublishersStone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. LondonTimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook:Wood as an Engineering Material. Agriculture Handbook No. 72. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Western Wood Products Association.19__.Woods of the Western USA.Published and distributed by the Western Wood Products Association, Yeon Building, 522 S.W. Fifth Avenue, Portland, Oregon. |
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