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Tamarack (Larix laricina)
Family: Pinaceae Common names: Alaska larch, American larch, East canadian larch, Eastern Canadian larch, Eastern larch, Hackmatack, Larch, Tamarack Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America) Distribution overview: Tamarack has one of the widest ranges of all North American conifers. Its main range extends from Newfoundland and Labrador west along the northern limit of trees, and across the Continental Divide in northern Yukon Territory; then south in the Mackenzie River drainage to northeastern British Columbia and central Alberta; and east to southern Manitoba, southern Minnesota, southern Wisconsin, extreme northeastern Illinois, northern Indiana, northern Ohio, northern Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey, northern Connecticut, and Maine. It also grows locally in the mountains of northern West Virginia and adjacent western Maryland. A major disjunct area of tamarack is found in interior Alaska, in the Yukon and Kuskokwim River basins between the Brooks Range on the north and the Alaska Range on the south; three minor areas are near the Alaska-Yukon border. Prefers wet, peaty soils of bogs and swamps, but is also found in drier upland loamy soils. Common uses: Boat building (general), Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Casks, Construction, Flooring, Foundation posts, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Light construction, Mine timbers, Novelties, Packing cases, Pallets, Piling, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Railroad ties, Rough construction, Stakes, Utility poles, Vats, Wharf construction Product sources: Current production of timber from Tamarack is small. Environment profile: Rank of relative endangerment based on number of occurences globally. Tree size: Tree height is 40-50 m
Colors: the heart isYellow to golden-yellow to orange, Yellowish brownand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isTwisted, the textureStright and closed
Natural durability: Resistant to marine borers, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste
Silica Content: Siliceous Kiln Schedules: UK=K US=T13C4S/T11D3S - Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries at a moderate speed
Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: Tamarack or Eastern larch is occasionally confused with Western larch but the two can be separated by the color of the heartwood, which is generally yellowish brown in tamarack and russet- or reddish brown in western larch Blunting Effect: High to severe Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is resistant Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Requires considerable care in most operations for good results Veneering qualities: Moderately easy to veneer, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Steam bending: Moderate
Turning: Difficult to turn
Painting: Poor; Staining: Poor;
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Bending strength (MOR) = low Work to Maximum Load = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Toughness (total work) = very low Toughness (total work) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, LondonBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADACanadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonDallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonForest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJohnstone, W.F. and Carpenter, E.M.,1985,American Woods - Tamarack,USDA, Forest Service American Woods FS-268Little, E.L.1980.The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Mullins, E.J. and McKnight, T.S.,1981,Canadian Woods Their Properties and Uses,University of Toronto Press 3rd EditionPanshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressTakahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook : Wood as an Engineering Material. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72.Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. |
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