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Japanese larch
Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis)

Family: Pinaceae

Common names: Japanese larch, Kara-matsu, Karamatsu, Red larch

Distributed in: Japan, United Kingdom (Oceania and S.E. Asia, Western Europe)

Distribution overview: Indigenous to Japan, with a natural growth range confined to a small area in the center of Honshu Island between latitudes 35 degrees and 37 degrees and from longitudes 137 degrees to 140 degrees east. It grows at elevations from 4000 feet (1220 m) to 8000 feet (1220 m) with an extreme limit of 9200 feet (2806 m) on mount Fujiyama. The species has also been introduced into Europe, including the United Kingdom.

Common uses: Beams, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: planking, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building construction, Cabin construction, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Lock gates, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Piling, Poles, Porch columns, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rough construction

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellowand the sapwoodWell defined, White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium coarse to coarse

Natural durability: Resistant to termites, Susceptible to attack from the pinhole borer beetle

Odor: Distinctive resinous odor

Silica Content: High

Kiln Schedules: Drying (speed) is fast

Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Warping can be expected

Ease of Drying: Moderately Difficult to Difficult

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: High to severe

Boring: Responds fairly well to boring

Carving: Easy to carve

Cutting Resistance: The soft earlywood zones are liable to tear and crumble if cutting edges are not kept very sharp

Mortising: Good mortising properties

Moulding: Good moulding properties

Movement in Service: Good moulding properties

Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Wood is liable to split

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Worked fairly easily with hand tools

Routing recessing: Good routing properties

Veneering qualities: Moderately easy to veneer, No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting

Steam bending: Poor

Turning: Responds well to ordinary tools in mortising

Painting: Satisfactory; Staining: Finish is generally satisfactory ; Varnishing: Takes varnish well ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,49
Density 496 kg/m3
Bending Strength 495 816 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 234 422 kg/cm2
Hardness 273 kg
Impact Strength 71 76 cm
Shearing Strength 102 kg/cm2
Stiffness 75 89 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,63 0,84 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 239 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7048 11608 psi
Density 31 lbs/ft3
Hardness 602 lbs
Impact Strength 28 30 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3341 6005 psi
Shearing Strength 1462 psi
Stiffness 1067 1270 1000 psi
Toughness 208 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 9 12 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.49
Weight 32 31 lbs/ft3

Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Max. crushing strength = medium
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Work to Maximum Load = low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium
Toughness (total work) = medium
Toughness (total work) = low
Surfaces may dent easily
Soft
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Medium weight and density
Max. crushing strength = low
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Bending strength in the air-dry condition is fairly high. The properties of seasoned wood is reported to compare favorably with those of European larch (Larix europaea ).

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 6 Europe,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No.5 Philippines and Japan,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonDallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonForest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1967,The Steam Bending Properties of various timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet,No.45Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Lavers, G.M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lincoln, W.A.1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.MacDonald, J., R.F. Wood, M.V. Edwards and J.R. Aldhous, Editors. 1957. Exotic Forest Trees in Great Britain. Forestry Commission Bulletin No. 30.Paper Prepared for the Seventh British Commonwealth Forestry Conference, Australia and New Zealand. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Redding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43T.R.A.D.A.,1942,Home-grown timber trees - their characteristics, cultivation and Uses,TRADAThomas, A.V.,1964,Timbers Used in the Boat Building Industry A Survey,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,Laboratory
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