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Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus)
Family: Fagaceae Common names: Tanoak Distributed in: United States (North America) Distribution overview: A disjunct stand slightly north of the Umpqua River in southwestern Oregon has been reported as the northernmost limit of tanoak's natural range. The general northern limit of tanoak in the Coast Ranges, however, is farther south in the Coquille River drainage. Its eastern limit in Oregon extends from west of Roseburg to Grants Pass, and then southwesterly into the Applegate River drainage. Tanoak's range stretches southward through the Coast Ranges in California to the Santa Ynez Mountains north and east of Santa Barbara, CA. The range also extends northeastward from the Humboldt Bay region to the lower slopes of Mount Shasta, then intermittently southward along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada as far as Mariposa County. In the Sierra Nevada, tanoak is most common between the Feather and American Rivers. Tanoak grows well on a variety of soils developed from igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary rocks, or sedimentary rock alluvium. It grows best on soils that are deep, well-drained, and loamy, sandy, or gravelly. Tanoak also grows on soils derived from serpentine, which are intermediate between the moist and dry extremes, but is limited to a shrubby form. It is seldom found on heavy clayey soils. Common uses: Baseball bats, Beams, Bedroom suites, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Moldings, Office furniture, Pallets, Parquet flooring, Plain veneer, Pulpwood, Structural work, Tannin, Veneer Environment profile: Rather secure globally Tree size: Sapwood width is 5-10 cm
and the sapwood
The wide sapwood is initially light reddish brown, but turns darker upon exposure and blends into the heartwood
.The grain isInterlocked, the textureMedium
Natural durability: Decay's readily, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: 3 - B1 (4/4) T3 - B1 (8/4) U
Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly
Drying Defects: Checking, Splitting Ease of Drying: Slowly Comments: Generally heavy, hard and strong The species has similar characteristics to both the true oaks and chestnut. The bark of the tree produces tannin in commercial quantities. Iron is reported to react with Tanoak lumber in the green condition to cause a pronounced blue-black discoloration in the wood Boring: Excellent (95+ pieces out of 100 will yield excellent results)
Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw
Gluing: Weak (figure) Nailing: High resistance to splitting during nailing , Holds satisfactorily Planing: Machining qualities of Tanoak are comparable to or superior than those of the oaks, especially in planing, moulding, boring, and mortising. The wood is reported to plane well and can be worked to a smooth surface. (Percent of planed pieces without any machining defects = 80) Resistance to Abrasion: Very good resistance to wear
Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work
Sanding: Highly resistant to fuzzing Veneering qualities:
The timber is reported to produce good quality veneer that is suitable for furniture manufacture. Blocks heated to 160 degrees F (65 degrees C) are reported to yield smoother, tighter, and higher quality veneer without increasing amount of end splitting. Defects are reported to include surface checking, staining, and knots greater than 2 inches (5 cm). Veneers are reported to dry without difficulty
Steam bending:
Steam bending properties are rated as fair to poor
Screwing: Good screw holding properties, Very high splitting resistance ; Turning: Good results
Number of pieces out of one hundred producing fair to excellent turning results = 81
Polishing: High resistance to fuzzing
; Staining: Fair to Good;
Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Burns, R.M. and B.H. Honkala.1990.Silvics of North America, Vol. 2 - Hardwoods.Agriculture Handbook 654.United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C.California Department of Forestry.Comparative Physical and Mechanical Properties of Western and Eastern Hardwoods.Prepared by Forest Products Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California.N/d.Kaiser, Jo-Ann.Wood of the Month:Tanoak - Northern California's 'Other' Important Tree.Wood & Wood Products, June, 1989.Page 58.Little, E.L.1980.The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Publishe by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Niemiec, S.S., G.A. Ahrens, S. Willits, and D.E. Hibbs. March, 1995. Hardwoods of the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State University, College of Forestry,Research Contribution 8, Forest Research Laboratory, Department of Forest Products, Corvallis, Oregon.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook : Wood as an Engineering Material. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72.Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Western Wood Products Association. 19__.Softwoods of the Western USA.Published and Distributed by Western Wood Products Association, Yeon Building, 522 SW Fifth Avenue, Portland, Oregon. |
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