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Emien (Alstonia congensis)
Family: Apocynaceae Common names: Adawera, Adawra, Ahun, Alstonia, Awen, Bakunin, Bantang foro, Basong, Binu, Bokuk, Bokuka, Cheese wood, Dita, Dnyame-dua, Dsen-nuru, Duku, Ebo, Ebwe, Ekouk, Emee, Emenle, Emien, Kaiwi, Kanja, Kauwi, Kigima, Koloweli, Kuge, Lomba, Mergalang, Milkwood, Milky pine, Mo cua, Mogoliga, Mogvga, Mujua, Mujwa, Mukoge, Musoga, N'songuti, Nsiwa, Nyamelebaka, Nyemidua, Omujwe, Onguie, Patternwood, Pulai, Senedur, Shaitan wood, Sindru, Stolwood, Stoolwood, Sundra, Tsongoti, Tsongutti, Uguwa, Vhu, White cheesewood, Wokuka, Yung Distributed in: Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire (Africa) Distribution overview: Widely distributed throughout West and Central Africa; abundant in humid forests of the Cameroons. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Baskets, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Chemical derivatives, Chests, Core Stock, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Fine furniture, Food containers, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, General carpentry, Hatracks, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Matchboxes, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: percussion, Musical instruments: strings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Stools, Toys, Turnery, Utility furniture, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wardrobes, Woodwork Environment profile: Generally secure within most of its natural habitat, but note exceptions. Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow to golden-yellow to orange, Yellowish whiteand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to wood staining fungal attack, Vulnerable to attack by powder-post beetles Odor: No specific smell or taste
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: Uk=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7 Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is misshapen Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Latex Content - Large slit-like radial canals, which are usually found at intervals of 1 to 3 feet (30 to 90 cm) and which may adversely affect the appearance of the wood usually contain traces of latex. Latex is reported to remain in liquid form for long periods of time and may even be detected in sawing wood that was processed years ago. Blunting Effect: There is some significant blunting effect on cutting tools Boring: Moderately easy Carving: Very good results Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Moderate gluing properties Mortising: Finishes satisfactorily Nailing: Satisfactory nailing properties, Very Good to Excellent Planing: Sharp surfaces are required Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Responds well to hand tools Steam bending: Unsuitable
Screwing: Recommend pre-boring, Screwing yields satisfactory results; Turning: Satisfactory
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent;
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Bending strength (MOR) = low 0 Hardness (side grain) = very soft 0 Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = low Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = very low Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bertin, A., Meniaud, J.,1949,Timbers of the Cameroons,Compagnie Francais du Cameroon,(Transl. by F.Jane)Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1954,Emien,Bois et Forets Tropiques,38,pp22-6Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonDalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the ColoniesEggeling, W.J., Harris, C.M.,1939,Fifteen Uganda Timbers,Forest Trees and Timbers of the British Empire, Imperial Forestry,Institute, Oxford,Part 4Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, Nigeria,1965,Nigerian Timbers for Matchmaking,Nigeria Fed. Department of Forest Research, Ibadan, Forest Products,Research Laboratory Report No.5Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1933,Preliminary Tests on Timbers investigated under the Auspices of the E.T.C.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough,, Project 22 Inv.,15 + AddendumForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1950,The Seasoning Properties of Exotic Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research Leaflet,No.44 and supplements 1 & 2Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1955,Kiln-Drying Schedules,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Leaflet,No.42Fouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. BelguimFouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceFrance - C.T.F.T.,Promotion of Cameroon Timbers. New Series (Leaflets,C.T.F.T.Ghana - Timber Marketing Board,1969,Ghana Hardwoods,Timber Marketing BoardGutierrez Oliva, A., Plaza Pulgar, F.,1967,Caracteristicas fisico-mecanicas de las maderas Espanolas. (Physical and,mechanical properties of Spanish timbers.,Min.Agric./Dir.Gen Montes/Instituto Forestral de Investigaciones,y,Experiencias, Madrid pp102HMSO.1981.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R. H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonITTO.1986.Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France.Jay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKinloch, D., Miller, W.A.,1949,Gold Coast Timbers,Govt. Printer Gold CoastKloot, N. H. and E. Bolza.1961.Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia.Technological Paper No. 12.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Kryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lavers, G. M.1966.The Strength Properties of Timbers.Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent BelguimSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TScott, M.H.,1950,Notes on the more Important African Timbers Imported into the Union with,Special Ref. to Port. E.A. Species,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No.19,pp18-62,[South,African Forestry Journal]Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of African woods 1,Tropical Woods,115(105,pp 13-38Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer UgandaTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Timber Information Assoc. Ltd.,1947,Notes on East African Timbers,TRADA, Timber Information, No.28Uganda Forest Department,1954,Alstonia,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.2Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47United Kingdom - H.M.S.O.,1954,Report of the Matchwood Working Party,H.M.S.O. for the Board of Trade and Ministry of MaterialsUnwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. LondonWCMC.1992.Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World.World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. |
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