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CucumbertreeCucumbertree
Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata)

Family:

Common names: Cucumber magnolia, Cucumbertree, Magnolia, Mountain magnolia, Yellow cucumbertree, Yellow flower magnolia

Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)

Distribution overview: In the U.S., in Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. It thrives in moist upland oak-hickory forests. In the Ouachitas, it is usually found only on the upper north slopes of the highest mountains.

Common uses: Baskets, Blinds, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Fine furniture, Fixtures, Floor lamps, Food containers, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shutters, Stools, Tables , Trimming, Utility furniture, Wainscotting, Wardrobes

Product sources: Magnolia is not a plentiful species, and bes often marketed in mixed batches with Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera) as Yellow poplar. Since the bulk of the mixture be Tuliptree, it is often difficult to know whether the material being used is actually Magnolia. Yellow poplar be readily available and moderately priced, but increasing demand is likely to affect the quality of the material as time goes on.

Environment profile: Abundant The species is Endangered within its natural growth range in the state of Indiana, and is Vulnerable, possibly Endangered in Oklahoma

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isBlack, Brownand the sapwoodWhitish, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterHigh

Natural durability: Magnolia has little or no resistance to attack by decay causing arganisms and wood destroying insects.

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: 10 - D4 (4/4) T8 - D3 (8/4) U

Drying Defects: Checking, Distortion

Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Carving characteristics are rated as good and the wood of Magnolia is very popular as a craftwood

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Fairly good gluing properties

Mortising: Responds poorly to mortising

Moulding: Moulding properties are poor

Movement in Service: Moulding properties are poor

Nailing: Pre-boring recommended Percent of nailed pieces free from complete splits = 73

Planing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Resistance to Impregnation: Permeable sapwood

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Steam bending: Good Percent of unbroken pieces = 85

Screwing: Pre-Boring is recommended. (Number of screwed pieces out of one hundred free from complete splits = 76) ; Turning: Fair to Good Results The wood is slightly superior in strength and finer in texture than Tuliptree, which makes it a better turnery wood. Large volumetric shrinkage is reported to discourage its use in larger projects such as, tables and case goods. (Number of pieces out of one hundred yielding fair to excellent results in turning = 79)

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Magnolia and Tuliptree are reported to respond very well to finishes, even light bodied finishes, to yield glass-smooth surfaces ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,34 0,39
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 509 847 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 22 39 kg/cm2
Hardness 311 kg
Impact Strength 73 86 cm
Shearing Strength 92 kg/cm2
Stiffness 107 125 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,7 0,84 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7252 12054 psi
Crushing Strength 323 559 psi
Hardness 686 lbs
Impact Strength 29 34 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3077 6184 psi
Shearing Strength 1313 psi
Stiffness 1529 1784 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 10 12 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.34 0.39
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 13 %

Hardness (side grain) = soft
Dented and marred easily
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content) is high - comparable to Teak

Arno, J. 1991. Magnolia acuminata - Cucumbertree. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 216-217.Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Kaiser, J.Wood of the Month: Magnolia - Lovely Magnolias are Older than Man.Wood & Wood Products, July 1987, Page 68.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook : Wood as an Engineering Material. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72.Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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