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Southern magnolia
Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandifolia)

Family:

Common names: Bat tree, Big Laurel, Black lin, Bullbay or Bull bay, Cucumber wood, Evergreen magnoilia, Magnolia, Mountain magnolia, Southern magnolia, Sweet magnolia

Distributed in: United States (North America)

Distribution overview: Magnolia grandiflora is relatively common and is native in North America. It occurs from North Carolina to Florida to Texas. Although its native range is along the Coastal Plain, it can be seen as an ornamental tree throughout much of the Southeast, inland as far as the foothills of the Appalachian mountains. Some have been grown as far north as Washington, D.C.

Common uses: Blinds, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Fine furniture, Fixtures, Floor lamps, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shutters, Stools, Tables , Trimming, Utility furniture, Wainscotting, Wardrobes, Windows

Product sources: Southern magnolia (M. grandifolia) is the most commonly used of the three commercially important Magnolias, and accounts for nearly fifty percent of all the Magnolias used.The material is readily available in the areas where it grows, but supplies are limited in other parts of the United States and abroad.

Tree size: Tree height is 40-50 m

Colors: the heart isRed, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureStright and closed and the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Sapwood is vulnerable to attack by furniture beetles, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: 10 - D4 (4/4) T8 - D3 (8/4) U

Drying Defects: Distortion, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Kiln drying is easy with very little or no degrade but air seasoning can potentially produce excessive shrinkage in the tangential direction

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on cutting edges is small

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Excellent gluing properties

Mortising: Responds poorly to mortising Percent of pieces with fair to excellent in mortising = 32

Moulding: Moulding properties are poor Percent of pieces with good to excellent in moulding = 27

Movement in Service: Moulding properties are poor Percent of pieces with good to excellent in moulding = 27

Nailing: The material responds well to nailing, but pre-boring is recommended. (Percent of nailed pieces free from complete splits = 73)

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Softwood can be easily treated

Response to hand tools: Respond well to ordinary tools in carving, with moderate blunting effect on cutting edges

Routing recessing: Good routing qualities

Sanding: Difficult to sand (expect < 50 out of 100 good to excellent results) Percent of sanded pieces with good to excellent results = 37

Steam bending: Good

Screwing: Good screwing properties, Requires pre-boring before screwing. ; Turning: Very good Number of pieces out of one hundred producing fair to excellent results in turning = 79

Painting: Excellent finish with enamels and natural wood tones ; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Excellent staining characteristics ; Varnishing: The wood is reported to finish smoothly in natural color ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,42 0,46
Density 544 kg/m3
Bending Strength 468 771 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 31 59 kg/cm2
Hardness 453 kg
Impact Strength 134 71 cm
Shearing Strength 105 kg/cm2
Stiffness 76 96 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 897 528 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,91 1,05 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 6664 10976 psi
Crushing Strength 451 843 psi
Density 34 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1000 lbs
Impact Strength 53 28 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 2646 5351 psi
Shearing Strength 1499 psi
Stiffness 1088 1372 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 13 15 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.42 0.46
Weight 56 33 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 12 %

Stiffness = moderate
Shock resistance = good
Hardness = medium
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Magnolia is quite popular as an ornamental tree because of its attractive flowers and leaves. The timber is often mixed with that of Yellow poplar and sold under that name or under its own name. The dark-colored heartwood of southern magnolia is more expensive and is preferred for furniture and other applications where hardness is a factor

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.Ecological Timber Company, Personal Communication, 1993.Kaiser, J.1987. Wood of the Month - Magnolia - Lovely Magnolias are Older than Man.Wood & Wood Products, July 1987. Page 68.Kaiser, J. 1993. Scented Magnolia Ideal for Louvres and Trim. Wood and Wood Products, October 1992, Page 62.Kline, M. 1984. Magnolia grandiflora - Southern magnolia. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 218-219.Laidlaw, W.B.R.1960. Guide to British Hardwoods.Published by Leonard Hill [Books] Limited, 9 Eden Street, N.W.1, London.Lincoln, W.A. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Little, E.L.1980.The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook:Wood as an Engineering Material. Agriculture Handbook No. 72. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin.
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