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Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
Family: Fagaceae Common names: Cucharillo, Encino, Encino negro, Mamecillo, Oak, Roble, Roble amarillo, Roble colorado, Roble encino, Roblecito, Swamp white Oak, White oak Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America) Distribution overview: Found in Ontario, Quebec, Alabama, Connecticut, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, Delaware, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Tennessee Valley, Illinois, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, and West Virginia. It usually grows in wet soils of lowlands, including stream borders, flood plains, and swamps that are subject to flooding. It is often found in mixed forests. Common uses: Cooperages, Core Stock, Crossties, Decorative veneer, Domestic flooring, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Flooring, Foundation posts, Fuelwood, Mine timbers, Parquet flooring, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Plain veneer, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Stakes, Sub-flooring, Utility poles, Veneer Product sources: Various species in the white oak group are mixed and marketed together. Supplies are abundant, especially in the form of veneers, at moderate prices. Environment profile: Widespread Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m
Colors: the heart isPinkish tinge , Yellowand the sapwoodWhitish to light brown , Width varies .The grain isOpen , the textureMedium to coarse
Natural durability: Perishable, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules: US=Upland T4-C2/T3-C1 Drying Defects: Ring failure, Surface checks Ease of Drying: Moderately Difficult to Difficult Blunting Effect: Moderate dulling effect on cutting edges Boring: Very good to excellent results Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw
Cutting resistance is generally medium but is variable. Cross-cutting and narrow-bandsawing are satisfactory
Gluing: Sometimes difficult Mortising: Very good mortising qualities Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Wood is hard Planing: good Resistance to Abrasion: Highly resistant to wear Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant Response to hand tools: Responds Readily
Timber from slow-growth white oak trees are softer and are easier to work with hand tools
Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results Veneering qualities: Veneers easily
Steam bending: Very Good to Excellent Results
Screwing: Fair to Good Results, Good screwing properties; Turning: Yields clean surfaces
Staining: Fair to Good
Reaction between tannins and liquid from some products, especially those with high water content such as bleach and water-based finishes, may turn the wood green or brown.;
Low stiffness Crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Their machining properties are dictated by the rate of growth of the trees: trees that grow slowly tend to be relatively easier to work with hand and machine tools. Faster grown southern trees are reported to produce wood that is harder than wood from slower growing Appalachian trees. White oak is widely used for vats and casks for holding liquids such as wine and spirits because it is highly impermeable to liquids. Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Madison, Wisconsin.HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Kaiser, J. 1994. Wood of the Month: Oaks Loom in Designs, Folklore and Symbolisms. Wood and Wood Products, November, 1994. Page 52.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.NWFA.1994.Wood Species Used in Flooring.Technical Publication No. A200.National Wood Flooring Association, Manchester, MO.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Rendle, B.J. Editor. 1969. World Timbers, Volume Two - North & South America (Including Central America and the West Indies). Published by Ernest Benn Limited, Bouverie House, Fleet Street, London.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. |
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