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Abacu (Tieghemella africana)

Family: Sapotaceae

Common names: Abacu, Aganokwe, Baku, Boku, Douka, Duka, Dumori, M'douka nougou, Makarou, Makore, N'douka, Ndouka, Nondouka, Okola, Onougou, Oukola, Ukola, Wosima

Distributed in: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo (Africa)

Common uses: Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chairs, Flooring, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Mathematical instruments, Mine timbers, Moldings, Paneling, Plywood, Plywood: veneer (marine), Railroad ties, Tables, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative

Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m

Colors: the heart isRed, Reddish brownand the sapwoodWell defined, White to yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Very durable

Kiln Schedules: UK=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7

Drying Defects: No end splitting, Slight end splitting

Ease of Drying: Easy

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is severe

Boring: Easy

Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy

Gluing: Easy to glue

Mortising: Easy to mortise

Moulding: Good finishing

Movement in Service: Good finishing

Nailing: Easy to nail, Holds nails well

Planing: Easy to plane

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Easy to machine

Sanding: Good sanding finish

Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Suitable for slicing

Steam bending: Moderate

Screwing: Easy to screw, Screwing yields good results;

Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Reacts with Iron to discolour wood; Varnishing: Satisfactory ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 673 kg/m3
Bending Strength 908 1378 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 420 622 kg/cm2
Hardness 580 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 215 kg/cm2
Stiffness 86 100 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 657 528 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 12918 19603 psi
Density 42 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1279 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 5981 8853 psi
Shearing Strength 3072 psi
Stiffness 1230 1429 1000 psi
Weight 41 33 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %

Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 1
Max. crushing strength = high 0
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Bertin, A., Meniaud, J.,1949,Timbers of the Cameroons,Compagnie Francais du Cameroon,(Transl. by F.Jane)Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1955,Douka,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.42, pp37-40Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1976,Makore/Douka,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.168, pp31-46Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFrance - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceFrance - C.T.F.T.,1964,Resultats des Observations et des Essais Effectues au CTFT sur Tieghemella,spp.,C.T.F.T. Information Technique, No192France - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12France - C.T.F.T.,1977,Promotion of African Timbers - New Species,CTFT,35 LeafletsFrance - Comite Nacional des Bois Coloniaux,1931,Etude Physique et Mecanique des Bois Coloniaux,Assoc. Colonies-Sciences & Comite National des Bios Coloniaux, Paris,,FranceGutierrez Oliva, A., Plaza Pulgar, F.,1967,Caracteristicas fisico-mecanicas de las maderas Espanolas. (Physical and,mechanical properties of Spanish timbers.,Min.Agric./Dir.Gen Montes/Instituto Forestral de Investigaciones,y,Experiencias, Madrid pp102Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished dataMeniaud, J., Bretonnet, F.,1926,Les Bois Coloniaux d'Afrique dans l'Industrie,Publ. de l'Agence Gen. des ColoniesOrganisation for European Economic Co-operation,1951,African Tropical Timber (Nomenclature, Description,OEECRevue des Bois et de ses Applications,1956,La page des bois Tropicaux-Douka,Revue des Bois et de ses Applications,11(6, p26Saint-Aubin, G. de,1963,La Foret du Gabon,CTFT Publ., No.21Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSallenave, P.,1968,Reflexions sur quelques essences tropicales utilisables en menuiserie de,batiment,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.121,pp55-66Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Scott, M.H.,1948,Timber Seasoning in South Africa,South African Forestry Department South Africa Bulletin No.32Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13
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