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African ebony
African ebony (Diospyros mespiliformis)

Family: Ebenaceae

Common names: African ebony, Alom, Bergem, Bugao, Burgum, Dabakala sunsu, Donko, Doue, Ebenier, Ebony, Ferdamu, Ga, Gawelle, Ginga, Gughan, Igi dudu, Jakkalsbessie, Jeti, Jukhan, Kaiwa, Kanya, Karan, Keke, Keyi keyi, Kukuo, Kukuwo, Legabol, Matoomba, Monkey guava, Muchenja, Muchenje, Mukuchumswa, Nangalo, Nelberi, Obiudu, Okusibiri, Onye-koji, Sunsu, Sunsun, Swamp ebony, West African ebony, White ebony, Yeti, Zanzibar ebony

Distributed in: Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Boat building (general), Canoes, Carvings, Flooring, Furniture, Golf club heads, Handles: general, Musical instruments: percussion, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Wheel spokes

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isReddish brown, White to creamand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureFineand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly

Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is moderate

Boring: Fairly difficult to very difficult

Carving: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Mortising: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Moulding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Movement in Service: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Nailing: Holds nails well, Possible if prebored

Planing: Poor to Very Poor

Resistance to Impregnation: Permeable sapwood

Resistance to Splitting: Very Poor

Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work

Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Veneering qualities: No drying degrade, Suitable for peeling

Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 801 kg/m3
Bending Strength 673 1048 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 380 574 kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 109 kg/cm2
Stiffness 83 97 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 785 673 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,84 1,19 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 418 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9577 14919 psi
Density 50 lbs/ft3
Maximum Crushing Strength 5408 8171 psi
Shearing Strength 1560 psi
Stiffness 1188 1383 1000 psi
Toughness 363 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 12 17 inch-lbs/in3
Weight 49 42 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 4 %

Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Max. crushing strength = medium
Max. crushing strength = high
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Work to Maximum Load = medium
Toughness (total work) = high
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = high

Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Banks, C.H.,1970,The Durability of South African Wood and Wood Base Building Materials,South African Forestry Journal,No.75Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchDalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the ColoniesGotz, E.,1983,Timber trees of the Gambia,Stiftung Walderhaltung in Afrika and Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Forst-,und HolzwirtschaftIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonLavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Nigeria Department of Forest Research,1967,The Properties of Some Savanna Timber Trees,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan Report, No.11Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi
*Come interpretare i dati (manleva su eventuali imprecisioni)