Benguet pine (Pinus insularis)
Family: Pinaceae
Common names: Alal, Bel-bel, Benguet pine, Benquet pine, Bubu, Bul-bul, Dingsa, Jersey pine, Khasi pine, Khaso, Khasya pine, Langbian pine, Langbian three-leaved pine, Luzon pine, Ol-ol, Parina, Parua, Philippine pine, Pine, Pinho insularis, Saheng, Saleng, Salit, Scrub pine, Sonsambai, Southern pine, Tinshu, Tinyu, Virginia pine
Distributed in: Brazil, Burma, India, Japan, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Vietnam, Zambia (Africa, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia)
Distribution overview: Benguet pine occurs in southeast Asia, including Assam and Burma, southern Vietnam, and in the northern parts of the Luzon island in the Philippines. It thrives in the high mountain regions within its natural range. Benguet pine is also a popular plantation species in Zambia, Kenya, and other areas\
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Cooperages, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Particleboard, Piling, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Toys, Turnery, Veneer
Environment profile: Rather secure within its natural range
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow to golden-yellow to orange, Yellowish, light reddish-brown, yellowish-red, to pale brown and the sapwoodWhitish to creamy white , Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterSometimes lustrous but not always
Natural durability: Very little natural resistance to decay in ground contact , susceptible to sap stain
Odor: No specific taste
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed
Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly
Drying Defects: Expect resin/gum exudation, Kiln drying may cause resin
Ease of Drying: Seasons well, with little degrade
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect: Moderate
Boring: Easy
Cutting Resistance: Saws well
Gluing: Good gluing properties
Nailing: Good nailing characteristics, Holds nails well
Planing: Planes well, to a good finish
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable
Response to hand tools: Yields a smooth, clean finish
Sanding: Easily sanded
Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy
Turning: Turns well
Polishing: Generally polishes well
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- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
 |
 |
 |
 |
Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,42 |
0,5 |
|
Density |
|
576 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
513 |
876 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
36 |
71 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
349 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
71 |
|
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
110 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
98 |
123 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
|
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
3 |
|
% |
Weight |
560 |
416 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
0,56 |
|
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
254 |
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
321 |
646 |
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 7303 | 12467 | psi | Crushing Strength | 517 | 1024 | psi | Density | | 36 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 770 | lbs | Impact Strength | 28 | | inches | Maximum Crushing Strength | 3560 | 6437 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 1566 | psi | Static Bending | 4572 | 9199 | psi | Stiffness | 1397 | 1762 | 1000 psi | Toughness | | 221 | inch-lbs | Work to Maximum Load | 8 | | inch-lbs/in3 | Specific Gravity | 0.42 | 0.5 | | Weight | 35 | 26 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % | |
Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Moderate weight High in density High bending strength in air-dry condition (about 12% moisture content) Hardness = medium Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bali, B.J., Singh, K.R. and Sharma, R.P.,1985,A Note on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Pinus kesiya,(plantation grown) from Orissa,Journal of the Timber Development Association (India) Vol.XXXI, No.4Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No.5 Philippines and Japan,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318.Hardie, A.D.K. and Ingram, C.L.,1971,Utilization Potentials and Problems for exotic conifers in Zambia with,special reference to Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gord,Zambia Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, Forest Research Bulletin,No.24Holz-Zentralblatt,1961,Drei sudamerikanische furnierholzer,Holz ZBL 87(71) pp1086I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza.1961.Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia.Technological Paper No. 12.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-H.Mirov, N.T. 1967. The Genus PINUS. The Ronald Press Company, New York. LCC Card No. 67-14783.Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Tamolang, F.R. and Rocafort, J.E.,1987,Physico-Mechanical Properties and Possible Uses of Eleven Plantation-Grown,Timber Species in the Philippines,FPRDI-Journal 16:1-2,75-85Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6Yoji Kikata (ed.,1991,The promotion of Lesser-known Species and Plantation-grown species,Proceedings of the International Forest Products Workshop, 14 to 15,October, 1991, Nagoya University, Japan
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