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Black pine
Black pine (Podocarpus spicata)

Family: Podocarpaceae

Common names: Black pine, Mai, Matai, New Zealand black pine

Distributed in: New Zealand (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Bridge construction, Broom handles, Cabinetmaking, Cooperages, Decks, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Plywood, Posts, Railroad ties, Turnery

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWell defined, White to yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMedium

Natural durability: Perishable, Susceptible to insect attack

Kiln Schedules: UK=F US=T6D4/T3D3 Fr=6

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Distortion, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Fairly Easy

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is slight

Gluing: Moderate gluing properties

Mortising: Finishes well

Moulding: Good finishing

Movement in Service: Good finishing

Nailing: Possible if prebored, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant

Resistance to Splitting: Satisfactory

Response to hand tools: Easy to machine

Steam bending: Moderate

Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Good results

Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Good; Staining: Finish is generally good ; Varnishing: Satisfactory;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 624 kg/m3
Bending Strength 542 849 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2
Hardness 451 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 117 kg/cm2
Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Weight 608 480 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7711 12078 psi
Density 39 lbs/ft3
Hardness 995 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi
Shearing Strength 1668 psi
Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi
Weight 38 30 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Tangential Shrinkage 4 %

Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Max. crushing strength = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.

Bier, H.,1983,The strength properties of small clear specimens of New Zealand-grown,timber,New Zealand Forest Service Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.41Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonCockayne, L. and Phillips Turner, E.,1958,The trees of New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.12Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonEntrican, A.R.,1949,The properties and uses of Matai (Podocarpus spicatus,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.4Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSmith, S.W. and Entrican, A.R.,1957,Forestry in New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.1Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. LondonThe Malayan Forester,1964,Timber tests - Tualang (Koompassia excelsa,Malayan Forester 27(3) pp267-271
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