English elm (Ulmus campestris)
Family:
Common names: Elm, English elm, Nave Elm, Red Elm, Vanlig Alm
Distributed in: United Kingdom (Western Europe)
Common uses: Bedroom suites, Bent Parts, Boat building, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Caskets, Chairs, Decorative veneer, Dining-room furniture, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring, Furniture , Harbor work, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Shipbuilding, Sub-flooring, Turnery, Utility furniture, Veneer, Wharf construction
Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Colors: the heart isGreen, Yellowand the sapwoodClearly differentiated from the heartwood, Red.The grain isIrregular, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack by fungi and termites, Very little natural resistance
Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: Schedule A: United Kingdom
Drying Defects: Distortion (twist/warp) is likely, Expect splits
Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care
Comments: Often located in hedgerows. Wood at center is often unsound
Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is moderate
Boring: Very good to excellent results
Carving: Gluing is often difficult
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw
Gluing: Good properties
Mortising: Difficult to mortise
Moulding: Requires very sharp cutting edges
Movement in Service: Requires very sharp cutting edges
Nailing: Material is reported to nail without splitting , Satisfactory nailing properties
Planing: Woolly
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable
Response to hand tools: Cutting edges should be kept sharp to prevent torn rays
Routing recessing: Very sharp cutting edges are required to produce a smooth surface
Sanding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Steam bending:
Team bending properties are rated as rather poor
Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Reported to screw without splitting ; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Stains well; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
|
|
|
|
Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
|
0,53 |
|
Density |
|
528 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
372 |
632 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
159 |
319 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
364 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
63 |
58 |
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
120 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
54 |
73 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
|
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
4 |
|
% |
Weight |
592 |
512 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
0,63 |
0,7 |
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
|
| | | | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 5302 | 8989 | psi | Density | | 33 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 804 | lbs | Impact Strength | 25 | 23 | inches | Maximum Crushing Strength | 2264 | 4545 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 1715 | psi | Stiffness | 782 | 1049 | 1000 psi | Work to Maximum Load | 9 | 10 | inch-lbs/in3 | Specific Gravity | | 0.53 | | Weight | 37 | 32 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | | % | |
Hardness (side grain) = medium Crushing strength = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium
High Density
HMSO, 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Lavers, G.M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lincoln, W.A. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc, Fresno, California.
|